It is also known as greenhouse cultivation in agricultural language. Greenhouse cultivation is the conscious cultivation of any agricultural product (vegetables, fruits, flowers or plants used in medicine) by covering it in order to prevent it from being affected by seasonal changes (snow, frost, hail, rain, storm).

Greenhouse cultivation aims to maximize the arable area through planned planting while protecting the grown product. Greenhouse production, which is seen as hormonal food production among people, is the opposite of this perception. Considering the uncontrolled agriculture that grows in the open, causing air pollution or many diseases that can be transmitted from the environment to food and from food to people, it is the healthiest and most sustainable form of agriculture.

Greenhouse cultivation, which is an agricultural practice that can be practiced in every region in our country, has become a profitable sector that makes its investors smile by separating into types with the advancement of technology. Greenhouse farming, which is an investment where the preference is increasing day by day due to the fact that it is seen as a profit gate, has unfortunately brought along misdirection as a result of misinformation in parallel with this increase.

If you are researching greenhouse activities, asking yourself the question of what greenhouse farming is and planning to invest in a greenhouse, one of the most important issues to be considered at this point is to investigate the resume of the founding company.

Greenhouse installation is not a job that any construction or steel company can do without the necessary knowledge. Building a greenhouse and building a greenhouse according to the product you will grow are different issues. You should build a greenhouse that will meet the growing requirements of the product you plan to grow. This will increase production, reduce plant stress and ensure sustainable agriculture.

Soilless agriculture greenhouse is a Dutch model of agriculture. Soilless agriculture, which has recently taken the first place in the list of profitable business ideas of investors, has become widespread with the entry of large capital holdings into the sector.

Soilless agriculture, which is divided into two types as hydroponic and cocopeat, has raised questions such as whether it is healthy, artificial, and reliable among people. Scientific researches reveal that the products produced in soilless agriculture greenhouses are healthier than soilless agriculture.

It has proved that the grown product is kept under control and creates a control mechanism against diseases coming from the soil and that the soilless agriculture model should be widespread worldwide. The soil, which loses its productivity by decreasing its productivity in each crop period, will be replaced by soilless agriculture greenhouses that amortize the investment cost in the first year.

The soilless agriculture greenhouse, which makes the investor smile, grows in PVC pipes if it is established in the system we call hydroponic or flowing water culture. In the system we call Cocopeat, it grows in the extract obtained as a result of grinding the coconut shell.

Grass group (lettuce, lettuce, iceberg) and products such as strawberries and tomatoes can be grown in soilless agriculture greenhouses. In our country, 70% of the crops taken from soilless agriculture greenhouses where strawberries and tomatoes are generally grown are exported because they have A class quality and do not enter the Turkish market. If it enters the Turkish market, the buyers of the products, which are sold at an average of 2.00 TL above the market price per kg, are generally food factories in our country.

How is soilless agriculture done as a production model that is constantly becoming widespread?

Those who wonder the answer to the question are quite a lot. This modern production technique can actually be applied with different techniques. Soilless agriculture, which will eliminate all concerns about the production process, can be carried out in many controlled environments. The system allows producers to have more control over the production process, saving both time and labor. Hydroponic farming techniques, which are seen as an innovative agricultural model and a good alternative to traditional agriculture due to their many advantages, are as follows. Hydroponics, aquaponics and aeroponics are three widely used agricultural techniques today.

• Hydroponic system
  • Although it is the first soilless agriculture technique used, it is based on the logic of irrigated production. In this system, there is no solid medium to support the root of the plants. Lettuce, strawberries, cucumbers, tomatoes, beans, watermelon, cantaloupe, bell peppers, thyme, spinach and mint are suitable plants for hydroponic farming.
• Aeroponic system
  • It is an air production technique. In this system, the crops are suspended, making it easier for them to meet oxygen. The nutrient and water needs of the plants are met by spraying. It is highly preferred because the costs of the agricultural model applied horizontally or vertically are very low
• Aquaponic system
  • TIt is characterized as soilless irrigated agriculture. In this system, production is carried out with the water used in fish production. Water with vitamin content nourishes the crops and provides them with the nutrients they need.

Greenhouses are specially qualified structures for plant development and production where production is provided all year round under optimum conditions and early production is aimed.

The main factors of plant growth in greenhouse structures are light, temperature, relative humidity and irrigation. Light, which is the visible part of total solar radiation, is one of the main growth factors for plants grown in greenhouses. For this reason, covers with high light transmittance are used in greenhouse design. Thus, sufficient light reaches the plants in seasons when solar radiation is not sufficient. In greenhouses located in areas with high solar radiation and plants with special requirements for cultivation, shading is necessary during periods of high radiation. Temperature, heating and cooling are necessary to ensure optimum value in the greenhouse. Heat losses from greenhouse cover materials should be as low as possible.

Greenhouse cover materials should have high solar radiation transmittance at the same time as the lowest heating requirement during cold periods. If the indoor temperature is higher than the optimum value, the excess heat in the greenhouse must be removed by ventilation and artificial cooling. A properly designed greenhouse provides the necessary climatic conditions for plant growth and production all year round. Important climatic factors are maintained as close as possible to the optimum value.

The following factors are therefore important in greenhouse design:

The main design criteria for greenhouses can be summarized as follows: